ATUS Exploratory Data Analysis: Compiled Questions

in Design Exercises

November 2, 2022 (Last Modified: November 2, 2022)

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A list of submitted questions for DE7: Exploration (EDA).

Question 1 (Initial Questions - pre exploration):

How much time do American people spend on health and self-care?
Does having a higher family income require more time in work and work-related activities?
Do people with a certain age range spend more time at work?
Does higher income invoke sleeplessness?
Do the people who spend more time at work spend less time in socializing and sports?
Do people who spend more time in religious and spiritual activities have a tendency to help non-household members and children? Does spiritual activity increase with age?
Do females spend more time in the household compared to men?
How do people spend time on education, sports, and volunteer activities? Do high school attendees spend more time in education?
Is there any income bias between males and females?
How does time spent cleaning relate to the average time spent cooking?
How does time spent working relate to the average time spent sleeping?
How does time spent cleaning relate to the average time spent working?
What sports do people spend the most time watching?
How does time spent receiving medical care vary with age?
How much time is spent in travel related to relaxing and leisure by different age groups?
Are there any trends we can see in time spent on travel related to relaxing and leisure over time?
If we group all of the participants by their living location of a metropolitan area or not, what is the average amount of time spent by each group of individuals on each of the 18 different main categories? For example, this question would answer how much more/less time the average metropolitan area person spends on traveling versus a non metropolitan area person.
Is there any correlation between the respondents who answered the questionnaire from their home versus answering anywhere else away from their home. For example, grouping the activities by positive personal growth activities versus activities that do not necessarily grow one’s abilities towards their goals. An example of this would be work related activities being positive while watching television would be more of a negative. This question would show if a person responded more positively away from home versus at home.
Is there any correlation between the respondents who were male or female and the amount of time each spends doing leisure activities? For example, we would group all of the activities between being a leisure or work activity.
i’m curious about how people spend their time and the relative values of different activities
i’m curious about the habits of athletes vs non-athletes
i’m curious about how long people sleep based on their age
i’m curious about leisure activity changing based on age
What sex spends more time with children? What age group tends to spend the most time with HH?
Do men spend more time strength training and women more time practicing yoga?
What age groups prefer which sports? E.g. do more older people watch fishing than younger?
How does age and time spent at religious services match up?
How do males and females age 15-25 compare with time spent on the phone with family members?
Are sleep time and work time correlated? Do people who tend to sleep more work less or vice versa?
How is the time distributed while job hunting?
Do women spend more time on household activities as compared to men?
How does the survey age group look like?
How much time do people spend socializing and relaxing and how does that vary with the age group?
How does the sex factor into the above questions (say average time spent sleeping for males vs females)? In fact, planning to do most of the analysis as males vs females.
Trying to confirm biases. For example, we expect young people (say 8-15 age group) to spend more time on leisure like playing or watching TV compared to older people (say 50-60 age group). Let’s try to confirm that from that ATUS dataset. Generalizing that further, we shall try to confirm other biases as well.
How does the time spent in job searching look like wrt age group and sex? How does that relate to education?
How does the “average” person in the US divide up their time duing a day
Are there sex or age differences in any tasks? (E.g. Do women spend more time caring for people than men?) Are there any differences in “non-obvious” categories?
Are differences in sex or age changing as the years pass?
Has any time spent in any category changed much over the years?
How does a person’s ethnicity affect how they spend their time?
What is demographics of the participants, in terms of year, age, gender, race, education, and employment?
Which categories (lex06) has on average the highest value?
How’s the top category distributed? Is it a normal distribution?
Does the top category varies by race, gender, age and year?
Which year has the highest of records?
Is the unemployment seen more in females?
Are the major contributors to household care and Caring For & Helping Household (HH) Members largely contributed by unemployed respondents?
What is the distribution of time usage in a given year?
What’s the relationship between age and time usage?
What’s the relationship between sex and time usage?
What’s the change of time usage in two given years?
What is the difference between the time spent on Sports, Exercise, & Recreation between people who live in big cities and people who live outside big cities
What is the difference between the time spent in Government Services & Civic Obligations between high school graduates and non-high school graduates
Do people who spend more time on Education generally devote more time to Household Services
What are the characteristics of the distribution of labor status among the people who spend the most time on Sports, Exercise, & Recreation
What is the difference in time spent on Telephone Calls by different age groups
Myth or fact: Women shop much more than men do (addressing the common stereotype about non-essential shopping)? Has this changed over the years and how?
If both the survey respondent and their spouse work full-time jobs, how do they adjust other parts of their life relative to respondents whose spouse is unemployed?
Are government job holders (respondents in the federal, state or local govt) more conscientious towards civic obligations like jury duty, or too lazy to do them? What about social service/volunteering/public health activities?
The decline of reading as a hobby - is this age dependent? what is reading as a leisure activity replaced by?
Correlation between age and education?
Are humans becoming impatient over time? How many hours on average have people been willing to spend waiting for services over the years?
How does caring for others affect one’s time usage? Does it vary depending on whom one helps?
Does playing a sport necessitate watching that sport? If so, how do the times compare? What about other sports? Do other factors come into play?
Religions often seem to encourage giving to community. How do religious people volunteer (esp. when compared to non-religious people)?
What factors affect the amount (and type) of travel done? For example, how do those vary over rural and urban respondents?
Which people are looking for jobs? Are they younger? Employed already?
What sorts of trends in time usage have there been over the past decade?
What is the ratio of time spending on household for males and females?
What does cause inequality shares of household between males and females?
How much time do people spend on religious activities and how does it differ with different numbers of children with the age less than 18?
How time do people spend on job search with different levels of education?
Which travel related activity people spend the most time on?
How did work related travel for primary jobs change over the years?
How much time do people spend on different sports activities?
Which activities will be sacrifice when work hours increase?
What are the working hours related to?
The relationship between sleeplessness and age.
The relationship between sleeplessness and gender.
Can what was the effect of the pandemic on travel in 2020 and 2021? Is there a difference between the categories of travel?
How does time spent socializing change with participant age?
Are there significant regional differences in what sports people like to watch?
What are the total number of variables and out of those which are the most and least important ones?
Are the variables related to each other? Is it possible to derive some additional data/variables from existing ones?
Is it possible to sort based on a particular variable?
Does using the variables directly give any meaningful visualization?
Is there a trend in time spent on religion across different ages, or over the years?
Is there a gender gap for time spent on childcare?
What age cohort spends the most time eating/drinking?
How much time do the elderly spend on education?
Do earnings correlate with socialization time?
How do people from different ethnicities spend time on participating in sports activities?
How much time do people spend on tobacco and drug use? This is to see how open people were sharing this information to get an idea of personal biasedness in the data.
How does the number of hours of sleep changes with number of children in the house?
How does type of employment and age affect time spent on childcare activities?
How does recreation time differ between lower income and higher income jobs?
Is there an inverse relationship between time spent at work and time spend on leisure?
How does commute time to work or leisure or consuming vary with location?
How does time spent on childcare for certain age groups vary over different years?
Does time spent on purchases vary greatly between high and low income earners?
Does the amount of time spent job hunting grow over the years?
How do men spend their time differently than women?
Is more time spent in society on producing or consuming?
Do certain work activities take more time than other work activities?
Do most people fully employed follow a typical 8 hour work day?
How do people with similar schedules differ in other measures?
How much variance is there in a person’s schedule overall?
Do people who work more sacrifice sleep or entertainment to maintain their work ethic?
Are people who are socializing less time on computers?
Do people who spend time with hh children take time off work?
What is the distribution of time people spend on different activities and how it has changed over the years?
What is the activity which people spend the most time on?
How much time do people spend waiting to eat and drink?
What is the distribution of time for different activities except sleeping between males and females?
What are the different activities which are inversely proportional to each other (spending more time on 1 activity reduces the time spent on another activity)?
How do factors like metropolitan vs non-metropolitan, different age groups, sex, and race affect the education level of people over the years?
How do men and women divide their time between various activities, excluding sleep?
How has time been allocated to different work-related tasks over the years?
Over time, how much time did men and women spend on their main jobs?
How does the amount of time spent on tasks connected to work change depending on the income from the primary job?
How has the amount of time spent on each activity evolved throughout time?
Roughly what fraction of time is spent on different “broad” categories like personal care activities, household activities, education etc.?
What breakdown of activity indicates a poor work-life balance? How can we identify such patterns? Are some factors like working more than one job, having an unemployed partner, or having children likely to contribute to such distributions?
Are people out of the labor force more likely to spend time on religious and spiritual activities or in socializing? Are they less likely to spend money on sports, exercise, and recreation? Are they likely to spend a higher-than-average amount of time on caring for and helping household members? How do those stats compare against unemployed people?
Do older adults spend more time eating, drinking, socializing, relaxing and playing sports as part of the job?
How do age and gender affect the breakdown of whom time is spent talking to on phone calls?
Does amount of time spent on optional physical activities change with age, location
Do people stop volunteering at a certain age
How does amount of time spent on homework change with age/career
Which are the most dominant categories by age?
Does gender make a difference between the categories?
Are there any factors that are correlated with sleep? (having kids, being in school, age)
What is the breakdown of the most time consuming category?
How do holidays affect leisure activities?
Do people with multiple jobs spend their time (outside of work) differently from those with one job?
How do employed people spend their time differently based on the employment status of their partner?
How does the amount of caretaking time change with the number of children?
How does leisure time vary with respect to a person’s income?
How did time usage change in 2020?
How does the amount of time sleeping vary with respect to different job statuses, age, etc?
How long do people dress themselves?
How long do people sleep a day?
How long do people talk with their family and friends using telephone calls?
What are the most/least time-consuming categories? What are some categories that people do every day?
Are there age/race/sex differences for the activities people do each day?
Is working hours related to weekly income for main jobs?
Is metropolitan status related to personal care/household/work/socializing, relaxing, & leisure time?
Do the types of socializing, relaxing, & leisure activities change over the year?
What are the top 10 things that Americans spend on?
How much time that people working in a day?
How much time that people spend on socialization?
How does the education time vary with age/sex? How does the distribution vary for people enrolled in high school/college? Also how does that time vary with different weekdays?
How does the distribution of time usage look like for recreational activities like eating and drinking, socializing, religious and spiritual activities?
How does the time to travel vary for different categories like traveling for education, work or personal usage?
How does the time spent differ for watching sports vs playing that sport?
Is there a co-relation between consumer purchases and the income they earn?
How does the average working hours look like for different weekdays?
What can we infer from the time spent on telephone calls for different age groups?
How many responses have at least a high school degree?
Is there any invalid “day” (other than Mon-Sun) that we need to exclude in further exploration?
Is high work hours related to high earnings?
How do workers spend their time in the workday?
The distribution of top level categories in different regions.
If people living in different regions spend their time differently?
The distribution of second level categories for each of the top level categories.
How do people spend their time in Wisconsin?
How much time do women spend on self care?
How do different types of workers sleep in different days of the week?
Is there a correlation between employment and hours of sleep for different age groups?
What is the distribution of the amount of time spent on household activities?
What is the distribution of the amount of time spent on household activities by age?
How does the amount of time spent caring for household members vary against time spent caring for non household members?
What is the distribution of the amount of time spent on work? How does this distribution vary by gender?
is there a correlation between time spent on personal care and consumer purchases?
what category has the most meta-cost in terms of time spent traveling for it? Does this category change if the time spent doing said activity is factored in; e.g. which category has the most bang-per-minute spent traveling for it?
What else do “couch coaches” do in their time? Couch coaches referring to those individuals whom spend much of their time watching sports, but not playing them.
Do those whom engage in taking care of non-household members also spend time taking care of household members? Is this care in the same manner or different between the groups?
Are people well rounded between social, sports, and spiritual activities? These activities can fulfil the same goals so individuals may devote time to only one.
Does the increase of the personal computer correspond with a decrease in time spent outdoors?
Do people stick to their “thing”? This will be focused to only sports - i.e. Do people whom play a certain set of sports watch only those sports?
When do sports players become sports watchers? This is asked in terms of age.
Is there significant differences between parents (#child>0), couples (#child=0), and single individuals on how they spend their time?
Are stereotypes true? This can be gender roles, age-related, or any other stereotype.
Does get paid more lead to outsourcing household chores?
How do people spend most/least part of their life? How does the average, median, and mode person differ?
Does people with different level of education have different working time?
What is the relationship between age and the time people spend on eating and drinking?
Do people who socialize more spend less time for sleeping?
What factors influence the amount of sleep a person gets
What factors influence the amount of work someone does throughout their life
What factors influence the amount of social/leisure time someone has
How has the way people spent time on education changed over the years
How has the way people spent time on leisure changed over the years
Time distribution over activities
relationship between personal feature and time spent on activities
Does playing sports/exercising help sleeping?
When do people play the most sports
sport time between different sex
sport time across age groups
Which gender group has a higher mean number of children?
Which gender group has higher weekly earnings at the main job?
Which gender group has longer estimated hours worked per week?
Which age groups of people spend most time in Volunteer Activities?
What is the time spent distribution among people with different educational levels?
What is the time spent distribution between different classes of worker?
Do certain race(s) of people spend more time on recreation activities than others?
The time spent difference between adults and teenagers.
The time spent difference between married and single women.
Do employed people sleep longer than non-employed ones?
What recreation activities take most time in Americans’ daily life?
How much time do Americans spent in leisure and sports?
What makes people sleep more?
distribution of time spent for different categories.
is there a relationship between different education level with sleep time
traveling time spent against months
exercise participation against month
exercise participation against states
what are the general distribution of household-activities-time changes from 2003 to 2022
whether it is the females that do more household than males (intuitive hypothesis)
for males who did more household activities, what are the most imporant features of them?
relaxing time distribution of people with different age
relaxing time change from 2003 to 2022
what are the main characteristics of people how have more time for relax and who have fewer time for relax?
Traditionally, women spend more time on housework and men on work. I want to see if it’s still true in the 21st century whether women and men become more equal over time. And if women’s work time increases, does their pay increase correspondingly?
Children take a significant amount of time from everything, but does children-related work increase linearly with the number of children? Or the time spent increase marginally? What kind of activities do parents reduce to compensate the child care?
COVID-19 pandemic has changed the lives of most people globally. Remote work, the close of schools and other public areas, and quarantine have forced people to stay home, take care of children and stop socializing in large groups. I expect a drop in social and in-person service time and an increase in cooking, childcare, entertainment, and sleeping. I will use the data to test this hypothesis.
I want to explore the relationship between income, education, gender, and work time. Do poorer people work more, or do richer people work more? How do other factors affect income and work time, such as gender and education? Eventually, I want to see what combination earns the most but works the least amount of time.
Do people with household children tend to sleep less? If so, does it differ across sex? For example, if people with children indeed sleep less, is the difference in sleeping time varies across fathers and mothers?
More generally, is there a difference in who people spend their time between those who have household children and those who don’t? Does such a difference vary across sex?
For those who have household children, does the number of household children also make a difference on how people spend their time?
Is there a difference in how people spend their time during the peak of the pandemic (e.g., 04/2020-12/2020) compared to the year prior to the pandemic (e.g., 04/2019-12/2019)?
Does the impact of having household children change after the pandemic happened? For example, if having household children reduce the sleeping time even more compared to before the pandemic?
Do most ranked activities change across different age groups? Like children below 20 spend more time on sports as opposed to retired people spending more time on leisure.
Avg time spent on household work across different genders (Male / Female) as per age groups?
What’s the most popular activity among people who attends school, college or university? Being a grad student I am curious to know for how long other students are sleeping in a day?
Place of living i.e. Metro vs non-metro changes how Americans spend their day?
2019 (pre-covid) vs 2021 (post-covid) are there changes in how much time people are spending on personal activities?
When are people usually free to interview for this survey?
What are people doing to spend their time?
Do people in different age groups spend their time in different ways?
Do males and females spend their time in different ways?
I wonder if the average time people who have children spend on their work is different according to their gender.
Furthermore, I wonder if the average time people who have children spend with their family (especially with children) is different according to their gender.
If so, how have these differences changed during the pandemic?
How much time do Americans in different gender spend doing unpaid work such as unpaid childcare, eldercare, housework, and volunteering?
How much time do Americans spend doing paid work such as their full time job?
How does such time spending on paid vs unpaid work comparison look like across different gender?
How does time spent on religious behavior correlate with age
How does religious behavior correlate with number of children
How does religious behavior correlate with sports viewing
What is the distribution of religious time like in a week
How does sports viewing change across a week
How correlated are the religious time behaviors with each other and with days of the week
What things do people spend the most time on every day?
How long do people spend each day doing things that may be tedious for them?
What is the difference between men and women in terms of time use?
How much time do people spend on recreational activities every day?
Do people in different regions spend different amounts of time on the same things?

Question 4 (Interesting Questions - post exploration)

How do the students spend time on education, sports, and volunteer activities? I saw that people gradually reduce spending time on sports and volunteer activities as they increase time on education. While doing the EDA, I saw something interesting. There is a group of people who are not enrolled in high school. However, they spend substantially more amount of time on education compared to the rest of the nonhigh school people, and interestingly they are all female. I wonder who are they.
Do females spend more time in the household compared to men? While exploring this, I found that both males and females gradually spend less time on helping household members as the age of the youngest child increases. Even though, the time spent on household activities and work remained almost the same across all ages of the youngest child for both men and women. Moreover, I found that people spend more time on household work when they do not have any children and the amount of household work reduces with the increasing number of children.
Do people earn more if they work more? There is large inflation at the highest weekly income. The median income is 60k. Interestingly, the number of people with the highest income 287K is the same as the number of people at 60K. The distribution is bimodal which is weird. Another interesting thing appears. As the income increased, the number of women in that decreased which may suggest some gender discrimination in wages. But there might be other issues.
Do people who spend more time at work spend less time in socializing and sports? We have removed the weekends and only included working people in our analysis and preliminary analysis shows that there is a decreasing trend between work and socializing. We need to do more analysis. Also, we may explore the relationship between socializing time and gender and if socializing is higher for people with jobs. It might happen that people with jobs have much more opportunities to socialize. Or maybe people without jobs are more socially engaged. We need to do more analysis.
Do people who spend more time in religious and spiritual activities have a tendency to help non-household members and children? Do spiritual activities increase with age? From the exploratory analysis, it was pretty prominent that religious time increased sharply for people aged around 80 which is pretty interesting. Also, the average work-related time spend reduced with the increasing spiritual time which makes sense because spiritual time spending increased for aged people whereas work-related time spending peaked near age 40.
How much time do people spend on health and self-care? Does it change with work-related time spent? From the exploratory analysis, it appears that when the average time from health and self-care increases, people spend much less time at work and socializing. Now it can happen that people spend less time on work and more time in self-care on weekends and that caused the discussed trend. However, weekends should not stop people from socializing, and therefore, increased self-care and decreased socializing can be somewhat related. Maybe when people prioritize personal care more they cut time from socialization.
What sports do people spend the most average time watching, and how does this vary with age?
How does average time spent receiving medical care vary with age?
How does time spent cooking relate to average time spent cleaning?
How does average time spent working and sleeping vary with age?
How does average time spent cooking vary with age?
How does average time spent cleaning vary with age?
Household activities distribution (year, sex)
Female-dominated Household-activities and Male-dominated Household activites clustering
Numbers of males who did more household-activities than the average time of female in each year
Explore the characteristics of the targetting people as described in q3.
Another type of questions that I am interested in is about relaxing. A general question is about relaxing pattern, what is the patten and whether it changes over time.
How closely aligned are respondent reports of traveling for their travel-related activities in different age groups?
what are the locations people report while traveling as an activity?
Does the average travel pattern vary significantly on race and household income?
What kind of vehicles do respondents report while traveling as an activity?
How is the travel time related to work vary among different income groups?
What percentage of one group’s day is spent differently than another group’s day? For example, some parts of one group’s day will line up to being the same but what categories and how much differ between the groups. The groups in this instance are for example people living in a metropolitan area versus not living in a metropolitan area. There could be numerous different groups created from the personal information collected in the survey dataset.
As the survey progresses overtime with new submissions being collected, does the trend of a certain category start to change drastically as people who answered the survey first answered very differently on average compared to people who answered the survey last?
What is the main category of activities that takes up the most/least amount of time in all of the participant’s days?
Is the ATUS dataset a good dataset? Is it unbiased, balanced (age, gender, race, education, and occupation), and Well-designed?
Do women still spend more time on household activities and men on work? Is there any change over the past years to narrow the gap?
How do men and women split household activities at home?
Does the COVID pandemic change people’s time use? What increases and what decreases?
Any activities bounce back after the initial drop. Any activities stayed at a low level in 2021?
do people who exercise more sleep more and eat more?
do people who exercise more have more or less sleeplessness?
what kinds of exercise are people who sleep more/less doing?
what do people who exercise more sacrifice in their daily activities?
To my surprise, the main difference between those who have children and those who don’t is not in the sleeping time. In fact, they have similar sleeping time.
The key differences between those who have children and those who don’t are in 1) “Television and movies (not religious)” (less time for those with children), and 2) “Work, main job” (more time for those with children).
Based on the previous discovery, I further split the data by sex and found that those the effect is stronger for male than female. That is, if a man had children, then he will spend much less time on TV and much more time on work than a woman would change.
Does having more children make the effect I found above even stronger? Roughly yes, as shown in the line plot, having more children seem to reduce the TV time and increase the work time. However, when one has more than 3 children, having more children seem to reduce men’s work time but somehow continue increasing women’s work time.
To my surprise, the time spending pattern of the entire population does not seem to change too much across year 2019, 2020, 2021, which corresponds to the pre-pandemic period and pandemic period.
However, if we break down the population by sex and whether having children, there emerges an interesting pattern. First, for men who do not have children, the working time seems to decline after the start of pandemic, whereas for men with children, the working time seems to increase. Second, for women, regardless of whether they have children or not, the working time steadily increase from 2019 to 2021.
How do men’s relationships with their families evolve over time? They spend less time talking to family members on the phone than women. Where is this time being spent instead? Do men gradually drift away from their parents/older relatives and spend their time with their newly established families? Do women maintain these familial connections?
How do recreational activities impact religious tendencies in young people? Is someone who spends more time meditating more likely to be religious than someone from the same age group who spends most of their time on the internet? Is internet usage connected to decrease in religious activity?
Assuming each year is representative of the general population, does aging show a shift from individuals participating in sports to watching them? E.g. do we see something like an hourglass effect, where X% of the population participates in rugby, and then overtime we see this group age and switch over to watching the sport instead of participating in it. Do different sports have different longevities? How long does someone participate in a sport before age catches up with them?
How does the care of nonhousehold children compare to household children. Who is caring for them? What age group predominately spends time with nonhousehold children? Is there an area of care that is neglected in nonhousehold children as compared to household children?
How do personal care emergencies correspond with age? As people get older, do they have to go to the hospital more often? Is there any correlation with sport activities that are especially physically intensive? E.g. does a 20 year old who participates in intense physical activity the equivalent of the average 50 year old in terms of medical care required?
Are sleep time and work time correlated? Is there a correlation between time spent sleeping and time spent working (For instance, if a person sleeps more, is he/she more likely to spend less time on work or vice versa).
Was there a change in the average amount of time spent sleeping before 2019 and after 2019 because of the pandemic? Did the pandemic change people’s sleep behavior?
How is the distribution when it comes to job hunting?
How the pandemic changed time patterns when it comes to (01) Personal Care Activities, (02) Household activities, (03) Caring for and helping household members, and other at-home activities.
What is the correlation between spending time on extracurricular activities and research/homework? I wanted to see if a person spends more time on extracurricular activities, and if his research/homework time is reduced as it would help determine distracting factors (Not necessarily distracting as extracurricular is important, but I could not find the exact word).
How much time do people spend socializing and relaxing and how does that vary with the age group?
How does the time spent in job searching look like wrt age group and sex? Does higher level of education imply lesser average time in job search? Does that hold true for both the sexes?
Does more earnings imply more spending? If we look into the average time spent on shopping, does that increase with the average weekly earnings?
How does earnings relate to level of education and time spent socializing and relaxing? Maybe check out the contrast with work hours as well.
Do women spend more time playing with their children than men? If so, which age group specifically?
Do young people spend more time on leisure like playing or watching TV compared to old people? This is already answered, check the visualization in Question 3. I am adding this here because this visualization gave me the idea to try out various other things with the dataset.
What could explain the fact that latinos spend more time than non latinos on education tasks? (give context by explore sub categories, age, income level, region, some other demographic?)
What could explain the fact that latinos spend more time than non latinos on government services tasks? (give context by explore sub categories, age, income level, region, some other demographic?)
How has “loneliness” changed over the years? (E.g. do people in 2021 spend more time in solo activities versus community activities when compared to 2003)
How did the start of the pandemic affect time spent in categories like travel, or other non obvious categories. How did it effect “who” spends time on what? (Sex, race)
How do women spend their time based on if they are married or have kids. (Since the data show that women spend more time caring for others than men)
What factors are strongly associated with the amount of time people spent on sleeping?
Which is more influential in terms of the income amount, time spent on working or education?
What are the characteristics of people who work the longest hours? Are they richer? Are they older? Do they have more or less education? Do they have more children?
Which lex02 categories has the largest racial differences?
Are there any significant temporal trends in how people spend their time?
What are the biggest differences between workdays and weekends?
What is the major task that unemployed respondents engage in? Initial exploration does not support the hypothesis that household jobs are done majorly by unemployed respondents
For household activity of maintenance and decoration is it higher than normal during holiday months. Is it different for families with kids?
Pre-covid - year 2019 and post covid - year 2021, time spent on house hold activities changed or not for both men and women
Kids vs no kids, did it impact on how people spending their day to day activities?
How much time do people spend on sports vs religious activities across different age groups?
How transition happens across the day between different activities? Like sleeping is always followed by house hold activities or sports by education etc.
How income of a family impacts their leisure time spending?
What is the relationship between income distribution and time usage?
Is the trend of the given category increasing or decreasing?
How much time do people spend taking care of children and the elderly?
What do people do with their time when they retire?
Do men and women spend their time in different activities?
What is the relationship between education level and time usage?
How does the employment status of spouse or unmarried partner affect time usage for women and for men?
What is the relationship between people who are married and people who are not?
What is the difference of the distribution of time usage on holidays between married people and unmarried people?
What is the relationship between income and working time?
Are people who have completed more college credits willing to spend more time on Government Services & Civic Obligations?
Do people living in metropolitan areas spend less time on Sports, Exercise, & Recreation than people living outside metropolitan areas?
What is the difference in the time people spend on Religious and Spiritual Activities in different labor status
Do people who have changed jobs multiple times in the past seven years spend more time on Education
What are the characteristics of people who spend more time on Personal Care Activities
Do people who work longer really have higher incomes?
Do people who work longer hours actually spend less time on Sports, Exercise, & Recreation
What is the difference in the time people spend on Household Services in different labor statuses
What are the characteristics of people living in large cities in the time allocation of holidays and working days
What are the differences in the time allocation of holidays for different income groups
Time-sharing between partners: if both the survey respondent and their spouse work full-time jobs, how do they adjust other parts of their life relative to respondents whose spouse is unemployed? Do they spend less/more time on household tasks, caring for hh children, paid childcare services etc? How does this change if the recorded data is for a holiday or non holiday?
Over the years, reading as a hobby or personal interest has declined with other avenues for leisure available such as video games, television etc. How has reading as a hobby declined over time and what activities have replaced it? Is this decline true for people of all ages? Do we see increase in amount of reading over the years for certain age demographics?
Are government job holders (respondents in the federal, state or local govt) more conscientious towards civic and governmental obligations like jury duty, or too lazy to do them? What about social service/volunteering activities?
Are humans becoming impatient over time? How many hours on average are people willing to spend waiting for services? How has this changed over the years? Do some services have steeper declines than others?
There are certain years of age at which point society expects people to “conventionally” complete education, start working, retire from work etc. Can the ATUS survey data point to what these age points might be based on the how people of different ages spend their time on average?
A common stereotype is that women shop more than men do. Based on the hours spent by men and women on various categories of essential and non-essential shopping, can the ATUS data help refute or establish this claim?
Golf is considered an old person sport/post-retirement sport/rich-person sport. Can the ATUS data establish any correlation between age and hours spent playing golf? Does it contrast with trends for sports involving more exertion, such as basketball?
Considering the total time spent on telephone calls as a whole, how do the parts (calls to family vs work calls vs calls to friends vs spam calls vs calls to service providers) change in proportion across different employment statuses.
Toiling away on the job: How does time spent on work vary across respondents with different occupations/belonging to different major industries (TRMJIND1, TRMJOCC1) - which occupations have longer hours at the office?
How does hourly rate of pay on main job correlate with gender and different occupation codes
What sort of travel times are workers willing to put up with? Has it changed post-pandemic?
How does work affect travel? Is it affected more by the time spent at work, or the time spent traveling to work?
Travel times traditionally have been significantly higher on Fridays than other days. Why is this (it seems to be a combination of traveling for work and doing non-grocery-shopping-but-still-shopping travel)? Why has this changed in recent years?
There was (expectedly) a large drop in travel time in 2020. How did people spend their newfound time? Was it dedicated more to leisure activities or to more work-related things?
Similar to the last question, nearly every individual category of travel time decreased in 2020. Which categories behaved in the opposite way? Looking forward to 2021, many categories rebounded. What are the exceptions (and can we make a guess as to why)? Of particular interest are traveling for groceries and for medical care.
Is this because males should work, so they spend less time on household?
Is this because females should take care of children, so they spend more time on household?
Is this because the working time for males is longer than females?
Is this possible that task division cause this trend? That means females are assigned to take household and males take other tasks except household.
Is this because males put more time on entertainment?
What is the variation in time spent between household activities and work related activities depending on the diary day being a holiday?
How does the work pattern change for people who have completed different levels of education? (expecting more work with more education)?
How does sleeping pattern change for people who have completed different levels of education?
How much time do people spend on job search with different levels of education?
How has weekly earnings changed between male and female for both metropolitan and non-metropolitan cities over the years?
For people who spend more time taking care of adult households, how much time do they work towards their primary job?
Is there any relation between level of education and volunteer activities? Do more educated people spend more time on volunteer activities?
How does the number of children < living in the household affect people’s schedules?
Which activities will people spend more time on when the family income increase?
What’s the difference in relaxing and household activities between people who are enrolled in school and people who have full-time work?
What are the biggest factors causing sleepless?
What are the major relaxing activities people participate in at different ages?
How do levels of education and levels of income impact how many kids people have?
How do females play a more important role in the family(in terms of housework time spending, cooking time spending, and playing more with children) than males, and how does this relate to their level of education and level of income?
How do female workers get paid in their average income level in terms of the ratio between work hours and weekly earnings compared to their male opponents? Are females discriminated against in the labor market? How do the household responsibilities of females impact their professional careers?
How do different people with different employment statuses spend their time finding jobs? That is, how do currently employed people differ from their unemployed opponents in terms of time spent on finding jobs?
How do people in different age groups and in different levels of education differ in income efficiency in terms of the ratio between work hours and weekly earnings?
How do females balance their life and work in terms of the part-whole relationship between social and relaxing time spent and work time spent? How does it differ from their male opponents?
How do people in different age groups spend time sleeping relate to the number of kids and ages of the youngest kid that they need to take care of? Is there any difference between males and females in this scenario?
How do the work time and income efficiency in terms of work hours and weekly earnings relate to the number of kids in the household?
Who still goes to the movie theatre and who stopped?
How do states vary in sports preferences?
What activities do people who work more hours give up?
What differences between distribution of time do we see based on the sex of the respondent? How has this changed over time?
How has the way respondents keep in touch with loved ones changed over time?
How tired are parents? How do kids of various ages affect their parents’ sleep or health?
Does always being surrounded by people, and socializing affect/improve health?
How are activities related to the health of the person? eg: indoor vs outdoor activities, heavy/intensive activities?
How do activities change over the years for people?
The income of the person might affect the way they spend on any leisurely activity. People with comparatively lesser income and more family members may spend time more working. This should also depend on the age of the person.
Does gender or marital status affect time spent socializing?
Do unemployed younger people and retirees spend their time in comparable ways?
Do single parents spend more time on childcare than parents with a partner in the household?
Does time spent traveling correlate with household size?
Between 2003-2021, has there been a change in tobacco and drug usage?
Is there a correlation between wage and time spent on income-generating activities outside of work?
How does the time people spent on sports activities changed with every year? With time, does people become more conscious about their health and participated more in sports activities?
How do people from different ethnicities spend time on participating in sports activities? Do people from some ethnicities physically more active than the others?
For the people who took the interview on workday vs on holiday, how does the time they spend on “Socializing, Relaxing, and Leisure” varies? Taking interview on a holiday might subconsciously make them think that they spend more time on “Socializing, Relaxing, and Leisure” as compared to ones who took interview on a work day.
How does having toddlers in house effect the sleep hours? Does it have any effect or is it unrelated? If they have some correlation, which age range of kids correlate more?
How is the level of education related to the weekly earnings of a participant? Is there a direct relation?
Is there a significant difference in weekly earnings based on the gender (male/female)? And how’s the difference related to the level of education?
Do people from under-represented groups (hispanic) earn less than the others? And how’s their number of working hours compared to the non-hispanic ones?
People from which race are more religious than the others? Is there any correlation? And how’s this religiousness varies gender-wise, students vs employed etc.?
It seems like a lot of people don’t work at all even during the weekday. What attributes contribute to the likelihood of not working on a weekday?
Which time spent categories went up at the start of the pandemic?
For people who sleep less than 5 hours a day, how do they use the extra time compared to other people with similar time spent distributions?
For people who sleep more than 12 hours a day, what do they usually skip to sleep more compared to other people with similar time spent distributions?
When kids don’t do homework, what do they instead spend their free time doing?
It looks like the spread of homework and games is relatively balanced. How has that changed over the course of the pandemic?
How does time spent on household activities change between males/females over the years?
What categories are present in some years and not present in other years? This would help in understanding the new sub-categories over the years.
Is there any gender disparity in weekly pay among different genders (males, females, non-identified, etc)?
How does the time spent on consumer purchases differ between genders?
Is there any direct relation between the time spent on the telephone over the years and the education level?
What is the distribution of time for consumer purchase activities between metropolitan and non-metropolitan cities over the years?
What is the effect of the day of week interview was held related to the dataset (it should be unrelated ideally)? This would tell if the people take much effort to give a dataset during weekends.
How did the amount of time spent in a home providing for adults change over time?
How do people’s work and sleep schedules differ between those who live in metro areas and those who don’t?
Over time, how have metropolitan and non-metropolitan cities differed in the amount of time they spend working and sleeping?
How do time spent on primary jobs differ across metropolitan and non-metropolitan cities across different age groups?
How much time is spent on various educational activities, and how has this distribution changed over time?
How does the amount of time spent on the main job change when there are smaller children in the home? Does the amount of time spent working decrease as the youngest child gets older?
What are the differences between watching and participating in sports for persons of different ages?
Why do working people in families with 9 children spent a disproportionately large amount of time (on average) on religious activities? I suspect this might have to do with a small sample size, but one of the visualizations I made while exploring the dataset seemed to indicate this.
Working adults over the age of 55 seem to spend a lower amount of time at work in general. Where do they spend the time “saved”? Is it with their families? Is it spent socializing?
I ran a bunch of comparisons comparing the breakdown of time spent on speaking on the telephone at different age groups (people over and below the age of 70 and 55.) In one case, I found that people under the age of 55 spent more time in total chatting on the phone than people over the age of 55, but people over the age of 70 spent more time on the phone than people under the age of 70. Clearly something happens in the range 55-70 that causes the shift for this specific activity. Also this seems to be specific to men - in case of women, older women spent more time on the phone on average, irrespective of the age at which we split the two groups. Do other activities show such variations with age and gender? Or is talking on the telephone, usually being a social or work related activity something of a special case?
On studying the data for people working full time jobs with an employed/unemployed partner, it was notable that the ones with unemployed partners spent more time working, but also more time on leisure - these individuals spent less time on household activities and in helping household members. Would performing the same study while taking into account gender help us see different trends for different genders?
It seems like unemployed people spend a relatively large amount of time on taking care of household members and on education. What effect do employment status, current wage and age have on educational status/amount of time spent on educational activities?
Amount of time people are active initially decreases with age, but does go up at certain milestone ages (retirement, 80 )
Different sports seem to gain or lose popularity with age, showing how interaction with physical activity changes with age.
Children may be harmful to sleep schedule
Some jobs allow for less sleep than average, as well as those working multiple jobs, this leads to a related story of sleep quality and income level
How is the amount of time spent with their household children different between genders? Do those amounts of time have a positive correlation with the time spent on communication? If so, how have those correlations changed from 2003 to 2021? For example, we can imagine that the amount of time that males spend with their children is higher than females for some years, but those times focus more on physical care, so they would not have enough communication with their children.
Does house income level have an effect on the quality of time that parents spend with their children? For example, assume parents have a high-income job. They might choose to send their children to a caregiving center because they spend most of their time at work. Instead, they would put more energy into spending their time with their children when they are not at work. However, parents who have a low-income job, even though the time they spend on their main job would be the same, might not have enough time to spend with their children because they spend their spare time doing second jobs. Visualizations might give answers to this broad question.
Do job stereotypes really work? For example, in many movies and media, we see the salesperson would be a very social person or a programmer/mathematician would be a person who likes to spend time alone. Are these stereotypes actually truly represented within data? We can draw several scatter plots and calculate the average correlation to see whether those stereotypes are true.
Which type of care-give is most stressful? Since the data include the time data people spend on relaxing stresses, we can calculate the relative rate of time people spend on such relaxing activities compared to the time they spend on caring for elders, household children, and non-household children.
Does income level have a positive or negative relationship with job searching activities? If so, are there any differences between ages?
It looks as if on average females get more sleep than males until 65 and then they even out. Is that because it’s retirement age or what factors might support this?
Traveling seems to decrease with age, but Leisure activities trend in the opposite direction, why is this?
Is there a correlation between caring for the elderly and religious and spiritual activities?
What allows females to spend more time in religion than males?
Females spend more time on the phone than males. I wonder if this is because of job distributions or it is personal conversations?
What activities do people give up as they start having children? Do they return to these activities as their children become self-sufficient?
How did people change the way they spent their time during the 2020 pandemic? Did different sets of the population change their activities in different ways?
Do people’s leisure preferences change as they get older, or do different cohorts prefer different leisure activities, or both?
Who is taking multiple jobs? Are there familial, age, or other reasons? How much time do they spend at these jobs, and what do they sacrifice in terms of time usage?
Who is making use of Household Services? Do these people tend to make more money than those who don’t? Do they spend less time taking maintaining their Household themselves?
Who tends to volunteer? Do these people have jobs? Children? Are they religious?
Do those with unemployed spouses tend to work more? Do they spend less time with their kids, or doing household activities? Do they make more on average than those with employed spouses?
The sleep time for most people seems to be around 8 hours.
People seem to dress themselves 0, 30, 60 and etc. minutes in descending order, and most people dress themselves in less than 5 minutes.
Most people talk with their family members using cell phones within 5 minutes a day.
The strongest relationship by telephone calls is talking with family, friends, and professional & personal care providers.
People seem to be more effective to deal with problems or talking to non-family and friends on weekdays.
Something changed in 2018 increasing phone calls with family members and friends
How Covid affect people’s daily life? I found that religious activities & traveling have a significant decrease during covid and telephone calls have a significant increase.
Continuing on covid’s effect. Interestingly walking have been increasing during covid, which is quite unintuitive. Is there a reason behind this phenomenon?
What are some top activities people do? People spend more time on TV & movies than eating & drinking.
What factors effect the time for each leisure activity? Older ages prefer TV & movies and reading, and younger ages prefer games and computers. Older people have more leisure time. TV & movies time keep increasing over the year.
Does this dataset well represents people in the US? Most records come from white people and some races are poorly represented.
What are some differences between genders regarding income and work hour. Women work less hours and have less income.
There’re many 0 income but long working hours. Why do we have such data?
What are top 10 things that Americans spend on except daily necessities (Eating, Sleeping, and so on)?
Does the Sporting affect the time for the education?
The average socializing time seems to be 5 hours the day. Does it affect other time for other activities like working, sleeping, and so on?
The socializing time is decreasing year by year. Where is the decreasing time of socializing go?
After creating the visualization present how much time that each person spend on working in a day, I found that a lots of people spend zero time on working. Does the data contain the holiday, if yes, after filter out the holiday, what would the visualization looks like?
What is the average amount of time fathers or mothers spend with their children?
How much time do people spend working outside of the office?
Is there a co-relation between time spent on recreational activities or talking on telephone with the time spent working?
How does the time spent on work vary with the weekly earnings? Is it related to time spent on relaxation activities or telephone calls?
What are the majority time taking activities for different age groups?
What activities do people who work more most compromise on?
Is there a correlation between money spent on consumer purchases with income earned?
How does weekly earning figures look like for different gender groups?
How much time from the entire day do people spend on traveling for non-recreational purposes?
How does the standard deviation/ distribution of time spent on various relaxation activities look with time?
How does the trend look like for time spent on eating with respect to the time spent on Food and Drink Preparation, presentation and clean-up?
How much time of the day people spend traveling for their daily activities?
People who spend less time sleeping would spend much more time Socializing, Relaxing, and Leisure.
People who are layoff will tend to have much more time for Socializing, Relaxing, and Leisure instead of searching for jobs (work-related time).
If people have work, then they should decrease the time for Socializing, Relaxing, and Leisure.
Higher work hours lead to higher payment (positive relationship).
People with lower education levels have higher wages compared to people with higher education levels (at least high school).
If the spouse or partner’s employment status is employed, then the work hour is still higher.
No matter how long people work and sleep, the time for eating and drinking is almost the same.
When do various activities become more common than others
When does sports become more common than religion
When does sports become more common than sleep
When does religion become more common than sleep
We have ~20 categories in the summarized dataset, fundamentally exploring when they trade off timespent based off year, number of kids, gender, etc
Are there common there behaviors that changed markedly in average occurrence after major events.
Like did 9/11 impact average time on airtravel and if so, when did it recover. Did the release of the iphone increase time spent with electronics.
What counterintuitive things may have increased during the covid-19 pandemic
How do mothers who also work certain jobs sleep?
How do fathers who also work certain jobs sleep compared to mothers?
Does the type of job and number of children of men and women affect their daily sleep and exercise?
How do youth from age 16 to 30 spend their days of the week?
Do people with children tend to volunteer more and care for HH and NonHH members?
How do Eating, Drinking and Socializing activities compare for different age groups?
Does spending time on Physical Health have anything to do with the amount of time a person sleeps?
Do men spend more time on financial management (020901) than women? How is the distribution of this activity by gender?
What is the proportion of time spent on household activities by males and females?
How is the time spent on work related activities distributed over the days of the week?
How has the time spent on work and household changed over the years? Are there relations between the peaks and troughs of both?
Does get paid more lead to outsourcing household chores?
When do sports players become sports watchers? This is asked in terms of age.
Do those whom engage in taking care of non-household members also spend time taking care of household members? Is this care in the same manner or different between the groups?
is there a correlation between time spent on personal care and consumer purchases?
Does spending more time on education have a correlation with income level or education level? Asked a different way, do those that make a lot or received a lot of education end up spending more time on education (being life-long learners)?
Do people stick to their “thing”? This will be focused to only sports - i.e. Do people whom play a certain set of sports watch only those sports?
Has the rise of computers lead to a fall of spirituality?
Why people whose highest school level is 7th-8th grade work significantly less than people whose highest school level is 5th-6th grade?
What’s the composition (working, sleeping, eating, etc) of a day of people with different level of education?
Does people who exercise more daily sleep more?
Does people having more kids sleep less and exercise less?
How much people make compared to the time they spent working?
Can you see effects of the pandemic on how people spend time going out?
How are sports people watch change over time?
Can you see effects of the recession on how people spend time going out?
What explains why time spent on education is decreasing, particularly for males, especially for traditionally college-aged students?
What number of children have the biggest effect on socialization or other leisure factors?
Is there a number of children where the increase in work plateaus?
major category 01 is highly related with which category/activity
if education level has any relationship with entertainment time
if sleeplessness has any relationship with entertainment time
which category/activity time increased most over years
if people of different ages have different sleeping time
relationship between education time and age among different races. \
does playing sports contribute to good sleep?
within the same age group, is marital status part of the equation in influencing people’s sports time?
why on average female tends to spend less time on sports than male does? Is their other factors like the presence of an underage in the household that can lead to this result?
within the sports category, what sport on played more on weekdays than on weekends?
for different demographic groups, do they play different sports?
Is the gender difference in weekly earnings at the main job the same for people of different races?
Is the gender difference in weekly earnings at the main job the same for people of different ages?
Is the gender difference in weekly earnings at the main job the same for people with different levels of education?
Is the gender difference in weekly earnings at the main job the same for parents and non-parents?
Is the gender difference in weekly earnings at the main job the same for parents having to rear young children and parents who don’t have to?
Is the gender difference in weekly earnings at the main job the same for people whose partners have full-time work, part-time work, and no work?
Is the gender difference in weekly earnings at the main job the same for people whose partners participate in the household?
Which gender group tends to be childless if they work for long hours?
When the partner has full-time work, part-time work, or no work, which gender tends to work for longer hours?
Does the employment status of a person’s partner affect that person’s time spent in Household Activities?
Do certain race(s) of people spend more time on Sports, Exercise, & Recreation than others?
Do full-time students sleep more than full-time worker?
Which age groups of people spend most time in Volunteer Activities?
What is the time spent distribution among people with different educational levels?
What is the time spent distribution between different classes of worker?
The time spent difference between adults and teenagers.
The time spent difference between married and single women.
Do employed people sleep longer than non-employed ones?
What activity in the category “Sports, Exercise, & Recreation” take most time in Americans’ daily life?
What are the differences in what people with different levels of education do in their free time?
What factors influence the time spent eating and drinking more
If the education level is different, will the working time be different?
What percentage of a person’s life is spent on travel and recreation?
What do people spend their time on when they’re not working?
does the geo location affect the time spent for sports
does time spent of traveling has relationship with age
relationship between household (taking care of children) between time spent in sports
Sports distribution among different level of education
The relationship between Tobacco and drug use with education and age
Time spent in holidays
is there a relationship between tobacco and drug use with hours worked per week
Time distribution before and during pandemic

Question 5 (‘Boring’ Questions)

Do women spend less time on work compared to men? I expected to see something like this but nothing like this appeared.
Do women spend more time in the household if they have children? Interestingly, nothing like this. Both men and women almost spend a similar amount of time on household work and it does not depend on having children or the age of the youngest child.
How does time spent working relate to the average time spent sleeping?
How does time spent cleaning relate to the average time spent working?
Is there any gender disparity in time spent on travel related to grocery shopping?
How is the travel time vary on daily weekdays?
What percentage of people who took the survey fall into each group. For example, what region of the country filled out the survey the most.
Is the data biased? (It’s hard to confirm or reject the hypothesis without outside data and a close examination to the study process.)
Work time is correlated with age. (boring and obvious)
Time spent on household activities is correlated with age. (boring and obvious)
do younger/older people sleep more and eat more?
do younger/older people have more or less sleeplessness?
what do people who sleep less spend most of their time on?
Which activity that takes up the most of people’s time? The top three are 1) sleeping, 2) watching non-religious TV shows and movies, 3) working on the main job.
What is main difference between how men and women spend their time? The main differences include 1) TV time (men more), 2) work time (men more), 3) Interior cleaning (women more), 4) Food and drink preparation (women more).
What kind of travel do men/women tend to spend the most time on? Does this change with age?
How does sleeplessness correspond with technology usage? How does this look on a per year basis?
How does time spent job hunting correspond to age? At what point does it drop off as people settle into long term careers or retire?
Time spent on different activities (Boring question)
How does the average time spent sleeping vary across males and females. I decided to drop this because this visualization doesn’t give us any useful insight.
Does level of education affect the number of kids one has?
Do latinos spend more time at meals? (I suspect this due to my lived experience)
Do women spend more time in the work force over the years?
Historically, women spent more time “caring for the home”, not only caring for others but caring for the household (home accounting, grocery shopping). To what extent is this gender/sex divide?
How does one’s level of college education effect time spent on different activities?
Any racial differences in amount of sleeping?
If people sleep more, they will be poorer?
Is this the case? The more education you have, the higher salary you’ll have?
The employed respondents have work ranging up to 23 hours a day. What is the job that they do? Did they hold more than a single job at the time of interview?
In largely populated states like California (38) and Texas (48) do people spend a lot of time in traveling? What does the household of these states look like? For factor like family income, type of house, family size are they different than that of a mid-populated state like Arizona?
Has the purchasing power increased over years and is there any difference in purchases during the covid years (2020 - 2021) ?
Difference in time spent on activities as per the genders on Household work.
Time spent on household activities across different age groups for men and women
Number of students across different age groups who have taken this survey
No of people who took survey across different age groups
What is the difference of time usage between high school students, college students, and university students?
How much time do people spend traveling before and after pandemic?
Whether people who have completed more college credits have more income
whether people who spend more time on education have higher incomes
Will people living in urban areas have longer working hours?
What are the top-10 sports that people spend time on?
Is there a correlation between a respondent’s age and the hours they spend on education
Are there some days of the week when ATUS collected more data than others (yep, and its understandably Saturday and Sunday)
I tried to investigate how travel times relate to recreational activities like biking. Unfortunately, I didn’t find anything particularly interesting, but I would think that there would be some sort of correspondence between them
Is it possible that doing household is some females’ career?
Is it possible that more females’ working environment are in house?
Is it possible males longevity is shorter than females?
Is it possible that males’ health condition is worser than females’ at the same age, so males cannot do household?
How long do people typically wait before eating or drinking?
How has the amount of time spent on each activity evolved throughout time?
If gender and race will affect the occupation choice?
What’s the difference in people’s schedules between workdays and holidays?
Do females sleep more than males? This is clear and boring.
Do people in the senior age groups sleep more than teenagers? This is also boring can tell from the visualization directly.
For each income category, how is those income spent on various activities? For example, people in the high-income range might spend their income on expensive activities like boating, parties, private events, and adventurous sports.
The activities can also depend on the city/county. Do activities like tv watching, shopping, and traveling have any relation to the place?
How productive are people during their work hours?
Does where someone lives affect how much time they spend travelling? (Not sure how feasible this would be with the available data)
Do people who spend more time at work earn more?
Do people with more kids get less sleep?
How does the during/post-pandemic data compare to pre-pandemic (say, 2019) on travel time, childcare time, or socialization time?
How is the total hours worked per week related to the weekly earnings of a participant? Is there a direct relation?
How is the status of employment related to the sleep hours? Do unemployed people get more sleep during a day?
Do high school people students spend more time on educational activities or the college/university students?
It seems like a lot of people don’t work at all even during the weekday. What attributes contribute to the likelihood of not working on a weekday?
Which time spent categories went up at the start of the pandemic?
For people who sleep less than 5 hours a day, how do they use the extra time compared to other people with similar time spent distributions?
For people who sleep more than 12 hours a day, what do they usually skip to sleep more compared to other people with similar time spent distributions?
When kids don’t do homework, what do they instead spend their free time doing?
It looks like the spread of homework and games is relatively balanced. How has that changed over the course of the pandemic?
How does time spent on household activities change between males/females over the years?
What categories are present in some years and not present in other years? This would help in understanding the new sub-categories over the years.
Is there any gender disparity in weekly pay among different genders (males, females, non-identified, etc)?
How does the time spent on consumer purchases differ between genders?
Is there any direct relation between the time spent on the telephone over the years and the education level?
What is the distribution of time for consumer purchase activities between metropolitan and non-metropolitan cities over the years?
What is the effect of the day of week interview was held related to the dataset (it should be unrelated ideally)? This would tell if the people take much effort to give a dataset during weekends.
How did the amount of time spent in a home providing for adults change over time?
How do people’s work and sleep schedules differ between those who live in metro areas and those who don’t?
Over time, how have metropolitan and non-metropolitan cities differed in the amount of time they spend working and sleeping?
How do time spent on primary jobs differ across metropolitan and non-metropolitan cities across different age groups?
How much time is spent on various educational activities, and how has this distribution changed over time?
How does the amount of time spent on the main job change when there are smaller children in the home? Does the amount of time spent working decrease as the youngest child gets older?
What are the differences between watching and participating in sports for persons of different ages?
Why do working people in families with 9 children spent a disproportionately large amount of time (on average) on religious activities? I suspect this might have to do with a small sample size, but one of the visualizations I made while exploring the dataset seemed to indicate this.
Working adults over the age of 55 seem to spend a lower amount of time at work in general. Where do they spend the time “saved”? Is it with their families? Is it spent socializing?
I ran a bunch of comparisons comparing the breakdown of time spent on speaking on the telephone at different age groups (people over and below the age of 70 and 55.) In one case, I found that people under the age of 55 spent more time in total chatting on the phone than people over the age of 55, but people over the age of 70 spent more time on the phone than people under the age of 70. Clearly something happens in the range 55-70 that causes the shift for this specific activity. Also this seems to be specific to men - in case of women, older women spent more time on the phone on average, irrespective of the age at which we split the two groups. Do other activities show such variations with age and gender? Or is talking on the telephone, usually being a social or work related activity something of a special case?
On studying the data for people working full time jobs with an employed/unemployed partner, it was notable that the ones with unemployed partners spent more time working, but also more time on leisure - these individuals spent less time on household activities and in helping household members. Would performing the same study while taking into account gender help us see different trends for different genders?
It seems like unemployed people spend a relatively large amount of time on taking care of household members and on education. What effect do employment status, current wage and age have on educational status/amount of time spent on educational activities?
Amount of time people are active initially decreases with age, but does go up at certain milestone ages (retirement, 80 )
Different sports seem to gain or lose popularity with age, showing how interaction with physical activity changes with age.
Children may be harmful to sleep schedule
Some jobs allow for less sleep than average, as well as those working multiple jobs, this leads to a related story of sleep quality and income level
How is the amount of time spent with their household children different between genders? Do those amounts of time have a positive correlation with the time spent on communication? If so, how have those correlations changed from 2003 to 2021? For example, we can imagine that the amount of time that males spend with their children is higher than females for some years, but those times focus more on physical care, so they would not have enough communication with their children.
Does house income level have an effect on the quality of time that parents spend with their children? For example, assume parents have a high-income job. They might choose to send their children to a caregiving center because they spend most of their time at work. Instead, they would put more energy into spending their time with their children when they are not at work. However, parents who have a low-income job, even though the time they spend on their main job would be the same, might not have enough time to spend with their children because they spend their spare time doing second jobs. Visualizations might give answers to this broad question.
Do job stereotypes really work? For example, in many movies and media, we see the salesperson would be a very social person or a programmer/mathematician would be a person who likes to spend time alone. Are these stereotypes actually truly represented within data? We can draw several scatter plots and calculate the average correlation to see whether those stereotypes are true.
Which type of care-give is most stressful? Since the data include the time data people spend on relaxing stresses, we can calculate the relative rate of time people spend on such relaxing activities compared to the time they spend on caring for elders, household children, and non-household children.
Does income level have a positive or negative relationship with job searching activities? If so, are there any differences between ages?
It looks as if on average females get more sleep than males until 65 and then they even out. Is that because it’s retirement age or what factors might support this?
Traveling seems to decrease with age, but Leisure activities trend in the opposite direction, why is this?
Is there a correlation between caring for the elderly and religious and spiritual activities?
What allows females to spend more time in religion than males?
Females spend more time on the phone than males. I wonder if this is because of job distributions or it is personal conversations?
What activities do people give up as they start having children? Do they return to these activities as their children become self-sufficient?
How did people change the way they spent their time during the 2020 pandemic? Did different sets of the population change their activities in different ways?
Do people’s leisure preferences change as they get older, or do different cohorts prefer different leisure activities, or both?
Who is taking multiple jobs? Are there familial, age, or other reasons? How much time do they spend at these jobs, and what do they sacrifice in terms of time usage?
Who is making use of Household Services? Do these people tend to make more money than those who don’t? Do they spend less time taking maintaining their Household themselves?
Who tends to volunteer? Do these people have jobs? Children? Are they religious?
Do those with unemployed spouses tend to work more? Do they spend less time with their kids, or doing household activities? Do they make more on average than those with employed spouses?
The sleep time for most people seems to be around 8 hours.
People seem to dress themselves 0, 30, 60 and etc. minutes in descending order, and most people dress themselves in less than 5 minutes.
Most people talk with their family members using cell phones within 5 minutes a day.
The strongest relationship by telephone calls is talking with family, friends, and professional & personal care providers.
People seem to be more effective to deal with problems or talking to non-family and friends on weekdays.
Something changed in 2018 increasing phone calls with family members and friends
How Covid affect people’s daily life? I found that religious activities & traveling have a significant decrease during covid and telephone calls have a significant increase.
Continuing on covid’s effect. Interestingly walking have been increasing during covid, which is quite unintuitive. Is there a reason behind this phenomenon?
What are some top activities people do? People spend more time on TV & movies than eating & drinking.
What factors effect the time for each leisure activity? Older ages prefer TV & movies and reading, and younger ages prefer games and computers. Older people have more leisure time. TV & movies time keep increasing over the year.
Does this dataset well represents people in the US? Most records come from white people and some races are poorly represented.
What are some differences between genders regarding income and work hour. Women work less hours and have less income.
There’re many 0 income but long working hours. Why do we have such data?
What are top 10 things that Americans spend on except daily necessities (Eating, Sleeping, and so on)?
Does the Sporting affect the time for the education?
The average socializing time seems to be 5 hours the day. Does it affect other time for other activities like working, sleeping, and so on?
The socializing time is decreasing year by year. Where is the decreasing time of socializing go?
After creating the visualization present how much time that each person spend on working in a day, I found that a lots of people spend zero time on working. Does the data contain the holiday, if yes, after filter out the holiday, what would the visualization looks like?
What is the average amount of time fathers or mothers spend with their children?
How much time do people spend working outside of the office?
Is there a co-relation between time spent on recreational activities or talking on telephone with the time spent working?
How does the time spent on work vary with the weekly earnings? Is it related to time spent on relaxation activities or telephone calls?
What are the majority time taking activities for different age groups?
What activities do people who work more most compromise on?
Is there a correlation between money spent on consumer purchases with income earned?
How does weekly earning figures look like for different gender groups?
How much time from the entire day do people spend on traveling for non-recreational purposes?
How does the standard deviation/ distribution of time spent on various relaxation activities look with time?
How does the trend look like for time spent on eating with respect to the time spent on Food and Drink Preparation, presentation and clean-up?
How much time of the day people spend traveling for their daily activities?
People who spend less time sleeping would spend much more time Socializing, Relaxing, and Leisure.
People who are layoff will tend to have much more time for Socializing, Relaxing, and Leisure instead of searching for jobs (work-related time).
If people have work, then they should decrease the time for Socializing, Relaxing, and Leisure.
Higher work hours lead to higher payment (positive relationship).
People with lower education levels have higher wages compared to people with higher education levels (at least high school).
If the spouse or partner’s employment status is employed, then the work hour is still higher.
No matter how long people work and sleep, the time for eating and drinking is almost the same.
When do various activities become more common than others
When does sports become more common than religion
When does sports become more common than sleep
When does religion become more common than sleep
We have ~20 categories in the summarized dataset, fundamentally exploring when they trade off timespent based off year, number of kids, gender, etc
Are there common there behaviors that changed markedly in average occurrence after major events.
Like did 9/11 impact average time on airtravel and if so, when did it recover. Did the release of the iphone increase time spent with electronics.
What counterintuitive things may have increased during the covid-19 pandemic
How do mothers who also work certain jobs sleep?
How do fathers who also work certain jobs sleep compared to mothers?
Does the type of job and number of children of men and women affect their daily sleep and exercise?
How do youth from age 16 to 30 spend their days of the week?
Do people with children tend to volunteer more and care for HH and NonHH members?
How do Eating, Drinking and Socializing activities compare for different age groups?
Does spending time on Physical Health have anything to do with the amount of time a person sleeps?
Do men spend more time on financial management (020901) than women? How is the distribution of this activity by gender?
What is the proportion of time spent on household activities by males and females?
How is the time spent on work related activities distributed over the days of the week?
How has the time spent on work and household changed over the years? Are there relations between the peaks and troughs of both?
Does get paid more lead to outsourcing household chores?
When do sports players become sports watchers? This is asked in terms of age.
Do those whom engage in taking care of non-household members also spend time taking care of household members? Is this care in the same manner or different between the groups?
is there a correlation between time spent on personal care and consumer purchases?
Does spending more time on education have a correlation with income level or education level? Asked a different way, do those that make a lot or received a lot of education end up spending more time on education (being life-long learners)?
Do people stick to their “thing”? This will be focused to only sports - i.e. Do people whom play a certain set of sports watch only those sports?
Has the rise of computers lead to a fall of spirituality?
Why people whose highest school level is 7th-8th grade work significantly less than people whose highest school level is 5th-6th grade?
What’s the composition (working, sleeping, eating, etc) of a day of people with different level of education?
Does people who exercise more daily sleep more?
Does people having more kids sleep less and exercise less?
How much people make compared to the time they spent working?
Can you see effects of the pandemic on how people spend time going out?
How are sports people watch change over time?
Can you see effects of the recession on how people spend time going out?
What explains why time spent on education is decreasing, particularly for males, especially for traditionally college-aged students?
What number of children have the biggest effect on socialization or other leisure factors?
Is there a number of children where the increase in work plateaus?
major category 01 is highly related with which category/activity
if education level has any relationship with entertainment time
if sleeplessness has any relationship with entertainment time
which category/activity time increased most over years
if people of different ages have different sleeping time
relationship between education time and age among different races.
does playing sports contribute to good sleep?
within the same age group, is marital status part of the equation in influencing people’s sports time?
why on average female tends to spend less time on sports than male does? Is their other factors like the presence of an underage in the household that can lead to this result?
within the sports category, what sport on played more on weekdays than on weekends?
for different demographic groups, do they play different sports?
Is the gender difference in weekly earnings at the main job the same for people of different races?
Is the gender difference in weekly earnings at the main job the same for people of different ages?
Is the gender difference in weekly earnings at the main job the same for people with different levels of education?
Is the gender difference in weekly earnings at the main job the same for parents and non-parents?
Is the gender difference in weekly earnings at the main job the same for parents having to rear young children and parents who don’t have to?
Is the gender difference in weekly earnings at the main job the same for people whose partners have full-time work, part-time work, and no work?
Is the gender difference in weekly earnings at the main job the same for people whose partners participate in the household?
Which gender group tends to be childless if they work for long hours?
When the partner has full-time work, part-time work, or no work, which gender tends to work for longer hours?
Does the employment status of a person’s partner affect that person’s time spent in Household Activities?
Do certain race(s) of people spend more time on Sports, Exercise, & Recreation than others?
Do full-time students sleep more than full-time worker?
Which age groups of people spend most time in Volunteer Activities?
What is the time spent distribution among people with different educational levels?
What is the time spent distribution between different classes of worker?
The time spent difference between adults and teenagers.
The time spent difference between married and single women.
Do employed people sleep longer than non-employed ones?
What activity in the category “Sports, Exercise, & Recreation” take most time in Americans’ daily life?
What are the differences in what people with different levels of education do in their free time?
What factors influence the time spent eating and drinking more
If the education level is different, will the working time be different?
What percentage of a person’s life is spent on travel and recreation?
What do people spend their time on when they’re not working?
does the geo location affect the time spent for sports
does time spent of traveling has relationship with age
relationship between household (taking care of children) between time spent in sports
Sports distribution among different level of education
The relationship between Tobacco and drug use with education and age
Time spent in holidays
is there a relationship between tobacco and drug use with hours worked per week
Time distribution before and during pandemic

Archive of the Fall 2022 Class

This web page is from the Fall 2022 CS765 (Data Visualization) class.

ATUS Exploratory Data Analysis: Compiled Questions

Question 1 (Initial Questions - pre exploration):

Question 4 (Interesting Questions - post exploration)

Question 5 (‘Boring’ Questions)