I rambled (yes, I admit it) about basic physics in lecture on Wednesday. But you can learn it correctly from:
https://graphics.cs.wisc.edu/Courses/Readers/Animation13/Physically-Based-Simulation-2003.pdf
These are notes from a SIGGRAPH course by Andy Witkin and David Baraff. You should read part B, and at least skim through C.
D and F are where it starts to get really interesting (there is no E), but we’ll probably leave that for another class. (eftychios covers it)
Then it goes off into rigid body dynamics and collisions and …
I am not going to require a Moodle posting. But please read it.